Lord of the Flies Compare and Contrast

Lord of the flies a book by â€Å"William Golding†. It’s about a group of boys who crashed landed and got deserted on an island way off their planned route, with no shelter, food or water. They must do whatever they can to survive. There are twists and turns but in the end it comes down to a very big life motive and a moral. In the beginning of the story, the boys were all separated from each other. Piggy picked up a shell typed object, and told Ralph to blow in it. This part of the story showed that Ralph can come up with ideas and knows his geological facts. Ralph decided to blow in it, which made all the boys come to one place. This showed that piggy’s idea was great but when the boys gathered around Ralph and Piggy, they thought it was Ralph’s idea which gave him a bit of an edge towards leadership. They were all deciding on a leader to take front of this survival issue. Jack and Ralph were the oldest so they went into debate. Ralph is a little bit more muscular and straight backed then jack was. On the other hand jack was a skinny, longed faced character and didn’t show much appreciation for the debate. One other thing that Ralph was doing that he was standing on a rock at the time, while jack was sort of with the group just standing on a side. This already gave Ralph the advantage on who looks more presentable and responsible of becoming a leader. Another fact is that Ralphs father is a commander which gave him even more reasons to become the leader of the group. For now jack really doesn’t care but later on things get physical. As we go on in the story it came to a point where jack was getting frustrated with Ralph’s rules and how things should run. One of their biggest fights were about if fire was more important than food. While jack wanted to find a way to kill a pig, Ralph wanted find a way to start fire. This part of the story shows a divide happening between them. This is sort of like our world, the two different types of government, communism and democracy. They have a divide between them about what you can do and cannot. After jack makes his own group with his set of rules and promised there will be food. An example I can give for this is the elections we have. There are different groups and leaders debating on who can offer what to the city and what benefits you will get a behalf of you a citizen.

Pttls Unit 1

1. Summarise key aspects of legislation, regulatory requirements and codes of practice relating to own role and responsibilities The key legal and regulatory requirements relating to my role as a teacher are:- †¢ Children Act (2004) – Every child matters †¢ Copyright, Designs & Patents Act (1988) †¢ Data Protection Act (1998 amended 2003) †¢ Equality Act (2010) †¢ Freedom of Information Act (2000) †¢ Health & Safety at Work Act (1974) †¢ Human Rights Act (1998) Protection of Children Act (1999) †¢ Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (2006) There will be Codes of Practice, either generic or specific, that will need to be followed such as the Code of Professional Practice (2008) introduced by the Institute for Learning. 2. Explain own responsibilities for promoting equality and valuing diversity It is important that students are able to attend, and participate in their choice of course or learning event, for it to be accessible on equal ter ms.To support this ideal, I must adhere to the equal opportunity legislation in place, which ensures that learners are not discriminated against in terms of age, gender, sexual orientation, disability, race, pregnancy or maternity, religious or other belief, marriage, civil partnership or gender reassignment. Whilst this is an ideal situation we are not able to treat everyone exactly the same. It is important to understand the needs of learners so that we can give them the best experience in the learning environment.If I have a student who uses a wheelchair, then I must ensure that access to the learning venue is suitable and that any portable ramps etc are available. Where I have students that are from diverse cultural backgrounds I should encourage an environment where differing opinions are respected and prejudice or stereotyping are challenged. Where further support is required by a learner, it should be offered 3. Explain own role and responsibilities in lifelong learning First ly, I need to identify the needs of the organisation, individuals and me personally.I will ensure that any forms are easy to complete and cater for different languages or print size and are available in hard copy or electronically. I will need to make an initial assessment of the needs of learners and agree learning plans. I need to prepare a scheme of work to include session plans, learning materials to meet the needs of the syllabus and liaise with other interested parties. I will need to facilitate learning using a variety of approaches including formulating ground rules, record keeping, incorporating different teaching and learning materials and even knowing who and where the nominated first aider is.I will need to assess the learning, ensuring that the awarding body rules are met. I must ensure that relevant documentation is completed and kept safe and confidential. I will need to check the students lerning outcomes have been met and that they have gained the necessary skills a nd knowledge. I need to evaluate my teaching experience by obtaining feedback from others. I can obtain this from the student, awarding body and organisation I am working for.I will also evaluate my own work in order to make improvements to my teaching ability and the learning experience. 4. Explain own role and responsibilities in identifying and meeting the needs of the learners I can identify the learners needs at the application stage, by interview, questionnaire, or at a student 1to1 session, or at the beginning of the session or programme. I must give clear guidance on the process and information to ensure the course meats their personal learning needs. Once I have the information this will help me with my planning.I need to ascertain the required learning support (help with ITC, numeracy, literacy), or student support (help with personal issues, general guidance or advice), and again use the information in my planning and course execution. 2. 1Explain the boundaries between t he teaching role and other professional roles It is important to understand where my role as a teacher ends and where I need to involve other professionals. These might include Heads of Dept, H&S officers, technicians, support workers or admin staff. Within the ACO I may need to refer to parents/guardians Wing, Region or Head Quarters specialists.I, for instance as a teacher am not qualified to repair a broken plug socket so I would refer to an electrician, similarly I am not a social worker therefore any issues that are of a personal nature (to the student)I would pass over to the relevant specialist rather than trying to deal with it myself, potentially causing more harm. 2. 2Describe points of referral to meet the needs of learners It is possible that I will encounter students with a variety of degrees of needs so I need to remain impartial and sensitive to individual situations. I will not be able to deal with every situation that arises.I must be aware of where I can refer stud ents for help both within and externally to the organisation. Below is a table containing example points of referral. |INTERNAL |EXTERNAL | |accommodation officers |awarding organisations | |careers advisers |banks or building societies | |colleagues carers | |Counsellors |charities | |examination officers |childcare agencies | |financial services staff |Citizens Advice Bureau | |first-aiders |employers | |health and welfare officers |health centre. , slimming clubs, general | |information , advice and guidance staff |practitioners, hospitals | |interpreters |Job Centre Plus | |learning support staff |motoring and transport organisations | |mentors |police | |student support staff |telephone help-lines and agencies such as abuse, alcohol, bereavement support, | |student union representatives |Childline, Crimestoppers, debt, drug, lesbian and gay switchboard, gambling, | |teachers |NHS Direct , parentline, Samaritans, victim support | | |websites which are relevant | Table from ‘Preparing to Teach in the Life Long Learning Sector’ by Ann Gravells – Pg 53 2. 3Summarise own responsibilities in relation to other professionals My main responsibility is to my students, however I need to be aware of the impact my actions will have on other groups or individuals. I will need to be conscious of how I work with other managers on site as well as my peers, with awarding bodies including internal and external verifiers & Ofsted inspectors and other external agencies. Within the Air Cadet Organisation (ACO). I will also have responsibilities with regard to parents/ guardians and other members of the ACO. I must remain professional and not exceed my role boundaries 3. Explain own responsibilities in maintaining a safe and supportive learning environment It is imperative that the environment is safe. The room or area for teaching must be large enough to support the activities being undertaken and the number of people involved. A risk assessment s hould be carried out to highlight and eliminate (so far is practicable) any potential dangers. Consideration must be given to lighting, heating, ventilation and toilet facilities to ensure the comfort of learners and teaching staff. I must inform the group regarding procedures for housekeeping, and emergency evacuation. 3. 2Explain ways to promote appropriate behavior and respect othersI would establish with the group some ground rules both for the learners and myself to promote the appropriate safety, behaviour and respect of everyone. It is important that these rules are negotiated and agreed with the group. These rules can be reviewed and changed as the course progresses as needed. For the group – what they should expect from each other, things like courtesy, respecting others views etc. For myself – What the learners can expect from me. Some rules may be imposed – health and safety, no smoking, no anti-social behavior. Some more negotiable – standard of dress, break timings, turning off mobile phones. Reference Book Preparing to Teach in the Life Long Learning Sector’ by Ann Gravells

Digital Multimeter User'd Guide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Digital Multimeter User'd Guide - Essay Example Digital Multimeter User Guide Name: Institution: Table of contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ... †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 Fig 5: Series measurement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 Fig 6: Range view switch of a DMM†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.14 Fig 7: Direct current †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..16 Fig 8: Alternating current †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..16 Fig 9: Lead test placement ...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..16 Fig 10: Dry cell voltage measurement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 Fig 11: Wall outlet voltage measurement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..18 Fig 12: Resistance connectivity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..18 Fig 13: Connection between a resistor and a multimeter†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....19 List of tables Table 1: Common signs used in multimeters †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Table 2: Abbreviatio ns used in multimeters ..........................................................................9 Abstract Digital multimeters are devices that are commonly used in the study of electricity and construction (Bernard, 1988). These devices are designed and produced in large numbers for electrical engineers and other electrical experts. Usually, these devices have supplementary features that are mostly, not of use. Digital meters portray their output in a numeric form on an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) or a LED (Light Emitting Diode) screen. Considering the current setting of the world, one has to be technologically conversant with these resourceful and dominant tools used in electronics

Critically examine why financial liberalisation brought financial Essay

Critically examine why financial liberalisation brought financial crisis in most of the Asian countries (for example South Korea, Malaysia, Indonesia and Thaila - Essay Example Transactions in financial markets are affected by the efficiency of intermediaries such as brokers who put buyers and sellers together and professionals who keep the market in operation, ranging from clerks who keep records and financial analysts who allow information to flow within, to, and from the market (Howell et al., 2002). Historically, financial markets evolved under the close supervision, regulation, and protection of governments for the good of market agents (the suppliers and users of funds). Through laws, suppliers of funds such as depositors or lenders were protected from swindlers who ran away with the money, whilst users or funds borrowers had to be protected from usurious lenders. Whilst the government also made it difficult for a small number of market agents to establish an oligopoly, it also saw the need to create monopolies mainly for legitimate reasons such as the regulation of prices, public protection, and to stimulate market competition. However, when governments become too complacent, these legitimate reasons become intertwined with political factors and became illegitimate and burdensome, and instead of improving market efficiency it had the opposite effect: markets became too costly, prices were too high, artificial, and not competitive, and therefore highly inefficient. Inefficiency is tantamount to a lack of freedom in the operations of markets, so the call for market liberalisation is in effect a strategy to "free" the market from government regulations. Liberalisation is the removal of government interference in economic markets and barriers to trade (Stiglitz 2002: 59) and is supposed to improve a nation's economy by forcing resources to move from less to more productive uses, thereby raising efficiency in the use of resources. Liberalisation is not necessarily a bad thing because in fact and intention, it is for the benefit of market agents. However, like most other realities of life, if it is not done well it can end in disaster. Just to give some examples easy to understand: you don't ask a young man who just received his driver's license to race against David Coulthard or expect the Manchester school district's soccer champions to play well against Manchester United. Yet, this is what liberalisation attempts to do: the best way to improve the efficiency of financial markets is to let it free, which usually means allowing competitors both local and foreign to slug it out in open competition. The good ones will adjust, learn, and survive, whilst the poor ones will disappear. The financial markets of Southeast Asia before the crisis shared the characteristics of a market that was not free and of being under the influence of government regulations that stifled competition. The foreign exchange market was protected by a government that intervened in transactions to keep the local currencies artificially high. Bank interest rates were kept artificially low to favour local borrowers, which included local governments and favoured conglomerates. Awash with cheap funds, wanton borrowing and wild lending happened side by side to construct golf courses and buildings and purchase Porsches. How Inefficiency breeds Crisis The Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998 has been one of the well-studied

Research problem definition Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Problem definition - Research Paper Example That is how loyalty marketing, not only in the hospitality industry but also in the whole business market, emerged as being necessary and ideal. Loyalty marketing is â€Å"the management process of identifying ‘best customers’ and utilizing customer data and insight to create, retain and grow profitable relationships.† (ICLPloyalty.com, 2011: p. 1). Loyalty marketing has become a key factor for success in the service industry over the past years (Bolton, Kannan & Bramlett, 2000; Levey, 2005). In such a highly competitive market, service providers in many industries have discovered the importance of customer retention (Shoemaker & Lewis, 1999). They recognize the fact that keeping their customers is just as important as creating them. Loyalty programs have now become so common in the hospitality industry that it is hard to find a business that does not have such a program. It is known that loyal customers make more purchases than non-loyal customers do, and they ar e less likely to switch to a competitor brand just because of price and other special promotions (Shoemaker & Lewis, 1999). The most essential theory of loyalty marketing is that a small increase in loyal customers can bring a significant increase in profitability to a business. Reichheld and Sasser (1990) found that a 5 % increase in customer retention resulted in up to a 125 % increase in profits in nine service industry groups they studied. Moreover, the Harvard Business Review discovered that a company can double its profits by retaining just 5% more of its customers (Maxted, 2005). In the changing global environment, it is not too much to say that all business firms are looking for innovative ways to increase customer loyalty, because customer loyalty has a very powerful impact on firms' performance and it is considered as a major source of competitive advantages (Lam, Shanker, Erramilli, & Murthy, 2004). Loyalty marketers are not just collecting customer data, but they are als o analyzing their customers’ behavior in order to have a better understanding and to make improvements. They want to know what types of rewards the customers are redeeming, what kinds of partner offers appeal to customers, and even the customers' lifestyle or preference. The knowledge that vendors gain from knowing their customers can be expected to bring a better chance of success (Capizzi et al., 2003). Overall, one of the most dominant trends of loyalty programs these days is the coalition model. Companies in different businesses are bonding together in order to share the branding, operational costs, marketing expenses, data, and customers. These multi-merchant loyalty coalition programs offer strong benefits to attract more customers by creating value (Capizzi et al., 2003). For example, hotels are partnering with other airlines, rental cars, restaurants, and even credit card companies and offering loyalty customers more opportunity to earn points and benefits. One of the world's most recognized hotel rewards program, the Marriott Rewards, has partnerships with Boston Coach, Chase, Hertz, Skymall, Air Canada, British Airways, American Airlines, and numerous other airline companies. Members of the Marriott rewards can also earn additional points via the Marriott rewards visa card issued by Bank One (Marriott International Inc., 2011). Another example of this type of loyalty program in the hotel industry is the Hilton HHonors offered by Hilton. Hilton HHonors has more than 55

The Minimum Wage Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Minimum Wage Law - Essay Example Opponents contend that the law costs jobs and is an unwarranted and unnecessary intrusion into the affairs of business. In fact, the minimum wage law is an unproductive and unconstitutional law that increases unemployment, does not reduce poverty, and should be repealed. Labor is one of the few commodities that is marketed in the US that has a price floor, and this artificial subsidy is counter-productive in a capitalist economy. Subsidies on items such as agricultural goods serve the purpose of stabilizing the market during periods of unusual production gluts or shortages. However, this is not the case for labor. The low skilled, low-end worker is subsidized by their co-workers and the employer as a form of economic welfare. For example, an employer needs to hire two people and he has a budget of $13.10 per hour for labor. One of the positions is more skilled, and the other is part time so he would like to hire an $8 per hour employee and a $5 per hour part time worker. However, the law says that he must hire two employees at $6.55 each to stay within his budget. The part time worker receives a $1.55 subsidy from his more skilled co-worker. The employer is faced with hiring a sub-standard employee for the $8 per hour slot, or hiring only one employ ee. According to Sowell, "Making it illegal to pay less than a given amount does not make a worker's productivity worth that amount, and if it is not, that worker is unlikely to be employed" (163-164). When goods, in this case labor, are overpriced the market demand is reduced. Rather than providing a living wage and a job, the minimum wage law drives down the cost of labor and transfers wealth from the lower economic classes to the minimum wage job holder. In addition to the reduction in demand for labor that comes as the result of mandatory pricing, there is also an oversupply of labor as many people make their services available that may not have been offered at the previous and lower prices. Teenagers, first time job seekers, part time workers, and seasonal workers may drive up the supply as their labor becomes worth more and working becomes more worthwhile. This adds to the evidence that most minimum wage jobs are filled by teenagers working summer jobs, part time help, and entry level workers, rather than coming from a background of poverty or the working poor (Even and MacPherson ii). Rather than increasing wages, the current minimum wage law creates an oversupply of labor and actually keeps wages down. The US has traditionally been a free market capitalist system, and intervening with an artificial floor on wages that is determined outside the market, reduces total employment in this environment of market economics. Labor, just as goods and services, is subject to the law of supply and demand. According to Ferguson, "The main influence is the pressure of demand on the supplies of goods and services and on the supply of labor. When demand exceeds supply there will be pressure on wages to rise" (215). The law of supply and demand further states that when prices rise, demand falls. This is especially true with prices that are set by a legal mandate. Sowell states, "a price artificially raised tends to cause more to be supplied and less to be demanded than when prices are left to be determined by supply and demand in a free market" (163). As

Network planning for my Logistics class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Network planning for my Logistics class - Essay Example The decisions made on the logistics network are usually framed to act as a trade-off between the fixed costs of a warehouse and the costs of transporting the goods. This means that, if the network has a few warehouses, then there is a reduction of fixed costs although it raises the transportation costs. Adding more warehouses on the network reduces the transportation costs and increasing the fixed costs. There are two different factors which one must consider when designing a network design. The first factor which a logistician must consider most is the distance. Adding more warehouses in a network decreases the number of kilometers travelled because the distance from the supplier to the warehouse and then to the customer is minimized. Moreover, the most expensive part in the logistics is the movement of goods from the warehouse to the end user since the load shipped is always divided into different quantities. The more the warehouses on the design network the fewer the kilometers between the customer and the stores. This paper includes the second factor which is to optimally solve the network design problems whereby there is the inclusion of inventory cost. Ballou (2001) acknowledges the importance of the inventory costs inclusion over the fixed costs of warehousing and also the costs of the transportation. Ballou (2001) also explains that the absence of the inventory costs in network design is caused by the mixed integer in the linear programming, of which is a requirement to have the cost relationships to be linear. Unfortunately, in the real world, the relationships between the inventory and the number of warehouses are not linear. Using the approach of including the inventory costs motivates one to treat the relationship between the inventory and the number of warehouses as a function which is discrete. This is the reason of proposing the model that may be used by different firms through the inclusion of inventory in the

That which is accepted as knowledge today is sometimes discarded Essay - 4

That which is accepted as knowledge today is sometimes discarded tomorrow. Consider knowledge issues raised by this statement in two areas of knowledge - Essay Example For instance, as proven by Albert Einstein, it is known that the highest velocity that can be possible is the quickness of light, but it was observed that there is quicker velocity than the quickness of light. It is worth mentioning that whatever a person believes is based upon the authority as it decides what has to be accepted in the society. However, as there is a change in time accordingly there is a change in knowledge as well. Thesis Statement. Correspondingly, the objective of the essay is to discuss the issues relating to knowledge that have aroused and how the knowledge attained before can be discarded due to the changes occurred in today’s prevailing situation. Knowledge issues or problems associated with knowledge are terms which do not have a single definition as this definition might cause confusion. However, these issues are directly related to understanding the world. These issues are open to exploration and enquiry of strength along with problems relating to knowledge. These issues help in finding out how knowledge can be of assistance along with limitations of knowledge in collaboration with the approaches of explanation and confirmation in different aspects of knowledge. In a broader perspective, knowledge issues include an assortment of aspects which could be approached from the Theory of Knowledge (TOK) viewpoint wherein it allows exploration, discussion and development of the issues. For instance, most frequently raised questions by students, â€Å"Are the textbooks and questions provided by the teachers’ right?† is a knowledge issue when it is framed appropriately in TOK objectives along with aims context (Carroll , â€Å"Knowledge Issues†). Moreover, it can be expected that if the knowledge issue is treated properly then it would certainly deal with aspects that can be interlinked in different relevant ways. This is the reason because of which the knowledge issue is treated in

Market Search in Turkey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Market Search in Turkey - Essay Example   From the research undertaken, Sabra Hummus sells at different prices depending on the quantity and the ingredients. For instance, a seven-ounce Sabra roasted red paper hummus sells at 36. 75 dollars and contains 12 sachets. A seventeen-ounce Sabra Classic hummus sells at 4.49 dollars. A ten-ounce Sabra hummus with Roasted Pine nuts sells at 4.99 dollars (Sabra Hummus). From the market analysis, the client base is focused on receiving value for the amounts spent on any product. To capture, the needs of the student population that has minimal disposable income, Sabra should focus on repackaging its products into smaller quantities. This would enable it to have products that sell at highest $ 4.5, which is an amount of money that most students can expand on a snack. The quantity will play a vital role, especially when targeting the student population. Sabra should undertake all cost-cutting measures, especially when manufacturing the low quantity products. For instance, where possib le, the plastic contains may be replaced by well-branded polythene wrappings which would reduce the cost significantly. Sabra can subsequently pass on the cost reductions to the consumer by lowering prices. Since the organization is largely targeting the student population and the middle class, who constitute a large proportion of the consumers, it cannot charge excessive prices. For instance, it will charge lower prices in universities due to the low level of disposable incomes among the student population.  

Societal Changes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Societal Changes - Assignment Example We just know we do not want any part of it. Introduction The issue of stereotyping, which also leads to a form of racism, can be seen in both the population and within the police force and the type of interactions that occur. When looking for someone to blame for why certain crimes happen, it is easy to think automatically that if someone thinks, looks and acts within a narrow visual framework, then it is easy to blame that person and that group of people (Bradshaw & Roseborough, 2005). The issue of Muslims has a tender spot in the minds of many Americans who see all Muslims as perpetrators of bombings and terrorism in the country. Whenever something happens in the country, people automatically assume it was done by a Middle Eastern Muslim terrorist. As we have also seen, the bomber can also be a Western Muslim terrorist, such as in the case of the Shoe Bomber in 2001 (Elliot, 2002). 1.With the recent bombing of the Boston Marathon, and the near-beheading and death of a British soldi er on a London street, tensions have been running high with the public, particularly in England. There have been numerous protests, and police, both in England and in the United States, have been told to look for groups of people, who might commit crimes against Muslims directly, or on or around property owned by Muslims. It is very hard for people to understand that when one, or a few, members of a group have committed a crime against others, it does not mean that all people of that group will be doing that same sort of crime (Gabbidon & Greene, 2013). When people look for the enemy, the only thing they have to go on is what the enemy would typically look like. In a war, one side knows that a certain uniform represents the enemy, and that there may be other physical identifications, such as an Asian appearance, for wars conducted in World War II and Vietnam. In a more modern day, and in modern warfare conducted today, appearances are far more deceiving and it is hard to know who th e enemy is. Some have dressed up in Western army uniforms and then turned guns on unsuspecting Western soldiers. Even seeing women with burkas and, especially with full face veils, promotes the concept of hiding something that makes identification possible (Moore, 2010). Therefore, those who hide behind veils, or ski masks, are potentially considered an enemy. It would be easy to suspect that some other person may be under that burka and veil besides a normal Muslim woman. While in Muslim countries, veils are rarely given a second thought, in Western countries, it is important for Muslim people to respect parts of the society they are now living in, and to let women remove the veil so it is not so threatening. Integration with their new society is essential to their success. Living as if they were still in their own land and observing their own rules without regard to the new country, is not acceptable (Moore, 2010). 2. There are several solutions to the issue of racial profiling. A ) In the first case, Muslims can take matters into their own hands by meeting law enforcement members of their community and getting to know the neighborhood police who conduct regular beats in the area (Bradshaw & Roseborough, 2005). Making friends, or at least, acquaintances, allows the police: to 1) know who they are individually; 2) establish

Hambalang Case Essay Example for Free

Hambalang Case Essay 1. Create a short summary of the case and explain (a) who the suspects / Convicts are and (b) what criminal charges are brought against them Hambalang is the case regarding the construction of Centre for Education, Training and the National Sport School (P3SON: Pusat Pendidikan, Pelatihan dan Sekolah Olahraga Nasional) which is a multi-year project the Ministry of Youth and Sports. P3SON planned to be built on a land area of ​​312 thousand hectares in the village of Hambalang, Bogor regency and projected budget consuming Rp2, 58 trillion. Which is violated Regulation of the Minister of Finance. 56/2010 and the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works No.. 45/2007. Two ministers have not signed, but the funds are liquid. If the view of the BPK audit dated October 30, 2012 (Rizal open the audit documents), he was associated with the melting process advances Hambalang Project. CPC stated, Due to multi-year contract approval process violated provisions, then the parent contract should not happen, [then the remaining unspent advance money] in the amount of Rp116, 9 billion, an indication of state losses. In its Hambalang audit, the BPK also found that Rp 7.3 billion in funds from Adhi Karya went to several legislators in 2010 and 2011, when discussion of the sports centers construction Began. On Thursday (Sep 5 2012), the Supreme Audit Board (BPK) audit report of Hambalang Submitted case to the Commission. The audit mentions that the total state losses in the case reached Rp463.66 billion. In the Partner Selection Process least 19 people suspected to be involved. Namely: Andi Mallarangeng (ex Affairs), Wafid Muharam (Sesmenpora), Wisler Manalu (Kemenpora Procurement Committee). Jilani (Kemenpora Procurement Committee member), Bambang Siswanto (Secretary of the Procurement Committee Kemenpora) Rio Wilarso (Planning Bureau staff Kemenpora), M Arifin (Commissioner of metaphor Global Solutions / MSG). Asep Wibowo (Marketing Manager of PT MSG), Husni Al-Huda (PT staff Yodya work). Safe Santoso (Director of PT Cipta Mandiri Ciriajasa / CCM), Mulyatno (Marketing Manager PT CCM) Aditya Gautama (staff PT CCM), Rudi Hamarul (staff PT CCM), RM Suhartono (staff PT CCM). Joseph Sholikin (staff PT CCM), Malemteta Ginting (Staff PT CCM Construction Management Team Leader at the same time). Suhanta firm (staff PT Adhi Karya), Arif Taufiqurrahman and Kushadi (staff PT Adhi Karya) Advances in  Liquid Processing, there are three who was allegedly involved. Ie R Isnanta (Head of Finance Kemenpora). Good Teuku Muh Nur (Head of DK-1 PT Adhi Karya well Authorization Adhi-Wika KSO), Machfud Suroso (President Director of PT Dutasari Citralaras). However, the Commission has set Andi Malarangeng (AM) and the husband of his men as suspects. PM accused of abusing authority. Diversion AM by KPK in planning and disbursement of funds. 2. Does the case involve; gratification? If yes, towards who and provide explanation to justify your answers Yes, According to CPC finding there are gratifications Rp 7.3 billion in funds from Adhi Karya went to several legislators in 2010 and 2011 3. Does the case involve; abuse of power / authority? If yes, explain Whose power is abused, how and in what capacity? Yes, several legislators bribed, minister of youth and sports negligent in planning and disbursement of funds and the Board of Directors of the company Adhi Karya which channeled funds projects to legislators. 4. In what way has the case cause losses to the state budget? Abuse of power and bribery to various parties. In its Hambalang audit, the BPK also found that Rp 7.3 billion in funds from Adhi Karya went to several legislators in 2010 and 2011, when discussion of the sports centers construction Began. On Thursday (Sep 5 2012), the Supreme Audit Board (BPK) audit report of Hambalang Submitted case to the Commission. The audit mentions that the total state losses in the case reached Rp463.66 billion. This loss will cause losses to the state budget. 5. Beyond the legal charges, do you see any conflict of interest between the parties INVOLVED? Yes, in this case there is a conflict of interest. At the level of project implementers Hambalang, the brain was Muhammad Arifin. He consultant since the early implementers. He who makes the unit price of finished goods is so high. At one end is Dutasari Citra PT Laras (DCL), the companys largest subcontractor Hambalang Project led Mahfud Suroso wife and Anas Urbaningrum. Mahfud is also a good friend of Anas. PT Dutasaris got mechanical electrical projects, worth a total of Rp295 billion. According to  the audit, here occurs allegations of massive corruption. The second largest sub-contractor company is owned by PT Global Daya Manunggal Prananto Mr. Herman, who got a job with the foundation of the contract value Rp127 billion. So, PT and PT Global Dutasari a subcontractor for 87 percent of the total value of projects subcontracted by Rp482, 5 billion. Adhi Karya still amounted to Rp50 billion in arrears to him. In fact, for all Mahfud been paid in full. Suspected of involvement in Anas Urbaningrum as chairman of the Democratic Party when he received funds for his interest to be elected as chairman of the Democratic Party in Congress at that time.

History Germany Essay Essay Example for Free

History Germany Essay Essay How far do you agree that the new Weimar Republic was seriously threatened by political extremists in the years 1919-24? (30 marks) Between the years 1919 and 1924 the Weimar Republic experienced many threats against its new democratic regime, however it could be argued that none of the threats ever truly had the ability or support required to overthrow the new state, therefore rendering the attempts by the political extremists as not that threatening. The Weimar Republic saw the end of the Kaiser’s rule and the start of a new semi presidential and representative democratic ruling. Even dating back to the formation of Germany in 1870, the foundation of German Politics and power has always lain with the elites and middle class of the population. With the new Weimar Republic these elites were supposed to lose their power and control due to the democratic regime, however this did not actually happen. Therefore any political extremists that threatened the system, and in turn threatened the elite’s power, were dealt with in harsh manners. During the trials from the 1920 Putch over seven hundred people went to trial however only one person was convicted and given five years in prison. Since the Putch would have been an act of treason, and under German law, the punishment should have been death, however the fact there was so little convictions and such lenient punishments suggests just how strong the elite’s power still was and how strong the Weimar Republic would have been with the elite’s power backing it, but they would only do this as long as things were benefiting them. The Kapp- Là ¼ttwitz Putch of 1920 did lead to an exposure of the army’s reluctance to support the Weimar Republic due to the fact the army was ordered to act by Noske, the Defence Minister, however the leaders of the military refused to get involved and instead remained neutral. This therefore would have planted a seed of doubt into people’s minds as to how good the Republic would be as not even the army were going to protect it, which then would lead some people to feel unprotected and vulnerable, and  could have led to people turning against the democratic system and instead turning back to the old ways of running the country. Yet, this was not the case therefore suggesting that the Kapp- Là ¼ttwitz Putch did not pose as being that significant of a threat. The Munich Beer Hall Putch could be argued as being doomed from the start and therefore never truly being a serious threat. From the beginning and throughout it never had the support of the German people, with only a small number of people supporting their cause. Seeckt also used his powers to command the army to resist the Putch and with the combination of the Bavarian Police and the army the Putch was crushed easily with minimal deaths. However, in the end Hitler was arrested on charges of treason (again meaning the punishment under German law should have been death) and he only received a five year prison sentence yet he was released after just nine months. This again showed that the political power was with the elites and that the Weimar Republic was not as strong as first thought, yet the public were still willing to keep the democratic state in place and give it a chance to work. Therefore it could be argued that as long as people had a belief in the Weimar Republic and were willing to support it then any attempts by political extremists would never have been that successful and therefore they were never truly much of a threat. In conclusion, although the Weimar Republic did indeed experience many threats from political extremists, with some seemingly serious threats against it which showed the many flaws in the system such as the power of the elites and the army’s standing in the new regime, yet none of the attempts had enough public support backing them to have a serious impact. They just didn’t have enough public support as people, especially of the working classes, believed in their new democratic system, and wanted to give it enough time to start to evoke changes that would benefit them in the long run. Therefore the attempts could not have had enough of an impact to name them as being serious threats against their new democratic state.

Image Pre-compensation for Ocular Aberrations

Image Pre-compensation for Ocular Aberrations Introduction Motivation On-screen image pre-compensation has good prospect with the increasing usage of various display screen devices in our daily life. Comparing to glasses, contact glasses and ocular surgery, on-screen image pre-compensation can be easily carried out by computer calculation without any irreversible change in the eyes, as long as the ocular aberration is known. Further, since neither contact lenses nor glasses are advised to be worn all of the time, on screen pre-compensation could even supplement glasses and contact lens use. It is known that compensation for higher aberrations can lead to super-sight, which is the neural limit of human eye. On-screen compensation also has the prospect of achieving this with customized screens in the foreseeable future. Image Processing Theories Human Visual System The human visual system is the combination of the optical system of the eye, and the neural processing of the light information received [Roorda (2011)], in which the latter is out of the concern of this research. The optical system of the eye is an intricate construction including the pupil, cornea, retina and lens (see Fig.1). The light come through the pupil is refracted by the lens and make an inverse image on the retina. During this process, any deficit would cause aberrations. For instance, myopia may result from the lens that the refraction is too high or that the distance from the lens and retina is too long. Fig.1 Cross-section of eye structure There is a limit resolution dominated by the neural receptor on the retina, which is below the diffraction limit. Although even for normal emmetropic eyes the sight is below neural limit and diffraction limit due to the minor deficit of eye structure. [Austin (2011)] For eyes with refractive issues, caused by cornea or lens from an ideal spherical shape, the aberrations would significantly dominate over this limit. Thus, in the following research, we shall omit the neural limitation. To increase the efficiency in the following, we can simply model the eye structure as such: a lens (regarding the cornea and the lens as a whole) with an adjustable size (pupil size) and an image plane (retina). Point Spread Function and image quality As is stated in the previous section the aberrations would come from any deficit of eye structure. In order to quantify the distortion in mathematical means, we introduce the Point Spread Function (PSF). Fundamentally, the PSF is defined as a function describes the response of an imaging system to a point source or point object. Note that the loss of light would not be considered in the PSF. Then, if we consider the PSF does not change across the field of view, which applies to the central 1-2 ° of visual angle [Reference!!!], the image can be expressed by the convolution of the PSF and the object in this area. (1) Where denotes the convolution algorithm. Note that the deconvolution method is based on the inverse operation of Eq.1, which will be introduce in Section 1.2.4. Fig.2 A contrast of PSF and MTF of an ideal emmetropic eyes (up) and a typical myopic eyes of -1.00 dioptre (down) Now we introduce two functions that can show the quality of the image: Optical Transfer Function (OTF) and the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF). Either OTF or MTF specifies the response to a periodic sine-wave pattern passing through the lens system, as a function of its spatial frequency or period, and its orientation [WIKI]. The OTF is the Fourier transform of the PSF, and the MTF is the real magnitude of the OTF. In a 2d system, these two functions are defined as: (2) Where denotes the Fourier transform, and denote the phase space and Euclidian space, respectively. (3) Where means taking the absolute value. Zernike Polynomials The Zernike polynomials are a sequence of polynomials that are orthogonal over circular pupils. Some of the polynomials are related to classical aberrations. In optometry and ophthalmology, Zernike polynomials are the standard way to describe aberrations of the cornea or lens from an ideal spherical shape, which result in refraction errors [WIKI]. The definition of orthogonal Zernike Polynomials recommended in an ANSI standard is represented as: (4) Where m and n denote the radial degree and the azimuthal frequency, respectively. The radial polynomials are defined as: And the triangular functions: (6) Note that nm and nm must be even. The relationship between double index (m, n) and single index (i): Table.1 Eye aberrations presented by Zernike Polynomials Aberrations are expressed as the distortion of the wavefront as it passes through the eye. As is stated, Zernike polynomials are the standard way [Campbell (2003)] of quantifying this distortion. The aperture function (or pupil function) can link Zernike polynomials with the PSF: Where denotes complex aperture function (or pupil function). denotes the phase of the wavefront, and the i is the imaginary unit and denotes the amplitude function, which is usually one inside the circular pupil and zero on the outside. The PSF can be expressed as the square of Fourier transform of the complex aperture function: We now know that the PSF can be calculated with a known wavefront and the distortion of the wavefront caused by refractive error can be actually represented by several orders of Zernike Polynomials with different amplitudes, which can be precisely measured with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront analyser device. Deconvolution Method We introduce a way to pre-process the image to neutralize the aberration caused by eyes, which is also called image pre-compensation. Simplistically, to compensate them in advance to proactively counteract degradations resulting from the ocular aberrations of different users. Point Spread Function (PSF) is defined as a function describes the response of an imaging system to a point source or point object. The sinusoidal function is an eigenstate of the PSF (i.e. if the input image is a sinusoidal function, no matter what the PSF is, the output image would also be a sinusoidal function) The Image on the retina (or) can be linked with PSF by convolution as shown in Eq.1. Then we do Fourier transform on both side of the equation Note the convolution has changed to multiplication in the phase space. If we define a new OBJ as: The new image is This means If we can process the OBJ as defined, we will have the intended image in the observers eyes. To form the OBJ we introduce Minimum Mean Square Error filtering (or Wiener Filter) Where K is a constant. Computing Theories Fast Fourier Transform As is shown in previous sections, we use two algorithms that require an amount of calculation, which is Fourier transform (inverse Fourier transform) and convolution. Since computer images can be seen as 2-demension lattices, we will use 2d Discrete Fourier Transform: It is known that this process requires a significant amount of calculation. The conventional way of doing this would take a long time for regular PC. However, for research need, we will need to do this calculation in real-time. Thus, we introduce the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). A definition of FFT could be: An FFT is an algorithm computes the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of a sequence or its inverse. Fourier analysis converts a signal from its original domain (often time or space) to representation in the frequency domain and vice versa. An FFT rapidly computes such transformations by factorizing the DFT matrix into a product of sparse (mostly zero) factors. [Van Loan (1992)] Also, all convolution within our program will be calculated by means of the FFT through the following equation: (16) Fig.3 A contrast of the speed of two means of calculation with respect of data length. The purpose of doing so is to accelerate the speed of calculation, since the conventional way of calculating convolution is much slower than the FFT. This difference of speed is shown in Fig.3. Nyquist Limit As is stated, we need the image and the PSF to before doing the pre-compensation. The PSF is calculated by aperture function Eq.9. To simulate the pupil, we can use a circular apertureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. However, this circular pupil has some restrictions in computer simulation, which is the Nyquist limit. In signal processing if we If we want to reconstruct all Fourier components of a periodic waveform, there is a restriction that the sampling rate needs to be at least twice the highest waveform frequency. The Nyquist limit, also known as Nyquist frequency, is the highest frequency that can be coded at a given sampling rate in order to be able to fully reconstruct the signal, which is half of the sampling rate of a discrete signal processing system. [Cramà ©r Grenander (1959)] For our simulation the sampling rate n is represented as: Aliasing will occur when . Psychometric Theories In order to quantify the enhancement of the Deconvolution Method to the subjects, we need to measure the change of the thresholds of the eyes before and after the compensation. Specifically, in our research we need to find out the threshold of minimum contrast and size of an image that the subjects can correctly recognize. This requires the use of some psychometric theories. Adaptive Staircase Method The staircase method is a widely used method in psychophysics test. The point of staircase method is to adjust the intensity of stimuli according to the response of the participant. To illustrate this method we shall use an example introduced by Cronsweet (1962): Suppose the problem is to determine Ss absolute, intensive threshold for the sound of a click. The first stimulus that E delivers is a click of some arbitrary intensity. S responds either that he did or did not hear it. If S says yes (he did hear it), the next stimulus is made less intense, and if S says no, the second stimulus is made more intense. If S responds yes to the second stimulus, the third is made less intense, and if he says no, it is made more intense. This procedure is simply continued until some predetermined criterion or number of trials is reached. The results of a series of 30 trials are shown in Fig.4. The results may be recorded directly on graph-paper; doing so helps E keep the procedure straight. Fig. 4 An example trail by Cornsweet (1962) There are four important characteristic of adaptive staircase method (1) Starting value; (2) Step-size; (3) Stopping condition; and (4) Modification of step-sizes. [Cornsweet 1962] The starting value should be near the threshold value. As is shown in Fig.4, the starting point determines how many step until it reach a level that near the threshold. The test will be most efficient if the starting value is near to that threshold. The step-size is 1 db for the example test. Step-size should meet the requirement that it is neither too big that not able to measure the threshold accurately nor too small to slow down the test process. It is advised that the step-size would be the most effective when it is the size of the differential threshold. The result with the staircase method would be like Fig.4 in general when it hover around a certain level of intensity of stimuli. When reached this asymptotic level, the trails should be taken into account. An efficient way is to set a number of trails that need to be record and start to count after it reach the asymptotic level. Under some conditions, the step-size need to be changed during the test. For careful experimental design, the first stimulus in each of the staircases are at same intensity-level. [Cornsweet 1962] However, then the staring level would be too far from the final level. This can be avoided by using large steps at the start, and smaller steps when it approach the final level. For instance, this can be done by decrease the step from 3db to 1db at the third reversal. It should be stated that the adaptive staircase method is a very efficient way of measurement. For a given reliability of a computed threshold-value, the staircase-method requires the presentation of many fewer stimuli than any other psychophysical method. Related Work General image compensation has long been used since the invention of lens. The invention of the computer and portable display devices make it easier to perform on-screen image pre-compensation. On-screen compensation has the advantage of convenience in that it can easily be carried out with any display-screen device that can compute. In addition, acuity limits in the human vision on the fovea are found to be between 0.6 and 0.25 arc minutes [Schwiegerling 2000], which is better than the typical acuity of emmetropic eyes [Pamplona 2012]. This means that effective compensation may increase the performance of emmetropic eyes. Deconvolution Method On screen image pre-compensation is based on the idea that the aberrations can be neutralized by pre-compensating the object. Specifically, it requires dividing the Fourier transform of uncorrected image by the Fourier transform of the PSF (i.e. the OTF). A detailed derivation can be found at section1.2.4. Early research by Alonso and Barreto (2003) tested subjects with defocus aberration using this method. Their results showed an improvement in observers visual acuity compared to non-corrected images. However, in practical use, for example, defocus, the defocus magnitude (in dioptres) as well as the pupil size, wavelength and viewing distance (visual angle) is required to calculate and scale the PSF, which means measurement and substitution of these parameters are also required to deliver the intended compensation. Enhancement of Deconvolution Method Recent research has further improved the deconvolution method. Huang et al (2012) carried out work with dynamic image compensation. They fixed the viewing distance from the screen and measured the real-time pupil size with the help of a Tobii T60 eye tracker device. Then they compensated the image with this real-time pupil size data. The reliability and acuity were improved by this dynamic compensation. Unlike perfect eyes, for which bigger pupil size would lead to smaller diffraction limited PSF, for most eyes, a bigger pupil size would lead to an increase in aberrations. That is also why dynamic compensation is important. As is mentioned in previous section, the principle of pre-compensation is to divide the Fourier transform of the image by the Fourier transform of the OTF. In order to avoid near-zero values in the OTF, most of the research used Minimum Mean Square Error filtering (Wiener filter). However, the outcome usually suffers from an apparent loss of contrast. Recent research has revealed other ways to optimize the compensation to have higher contrast and sharper boundaries. The multi-domain approach was introduced by Alonso Jr et al. (2006). They claimed that there are unnecessary parts in pre-compensated image. Simplistically, there is compensation that is irrelevant with respect to the important information in the image. This work showed an improvement of acuity using this method with respect to recognising text. More recently, Montalto et al. (2015) applied the total variation method to process the pre-compensated image. The result is slightly better but still suffers from a trade-off between contrast and acuity. Fundamentally, the impaired human eye can be seen as a low-pass filter, and either an increase of image aliasing or a decrease of contrast is inevitable. Other Approaches The research described above can be seen as an enhancement and a supplement of the original method carried out by Alonso (2003). However, as is stated, there is a limit of image pre-compensation by the PSF deconvolution method. Others has studied other on-screen methods to achieve a better outcome. Huang et al. (2012) introduced a multilayer approach based on the drawback of normal on screen pre-compensation that was shown by Yellot and Yellot (2007). This method is based on the deconvolution method, but uses a double-layer display rather than normal display. According to Fig.2, if we have two separated displays, then we have two different MTF curve. Then, the near-zero gap in MTF can be filled. This approach has showed a demonstrable improvement of contrast and brightness in their simulation. However, it required a transparent front display that does not block the light from the rear display at all, which is not plausible in practical use. Later, Pamplona et al. (2012) investigated a light field theory approach and built a monochrome dual-stack-LCD display (also known as parallax barriers) prototype and a lenticular-based display prototype to form directional light. Huang et al. (2014) restated the potential of using light field theory on image compensation and built another prototype with a parallax barrier mask and higher resolution. The outcome of both methods were similar. They could produce colour images with only a little decrease in contrast and acuity. However, it should be stated that both methods were carried out with a fixed directional light field, which used a fixed camera to photograph the intended corrected image. It is obvious that is not feasible in practical use with moving observer. Adjustable directional light has not been implemented due to the limits imposed by diffraction and resolution. In addition, there are minor issues on the loss of brightness as well in these research. Overall, the most applicable way of on-screen image compensation is still deconvolution method. The light field method requires very precise eye tracking to inject the light into pupil, while deconvolution only requires the observer to keep a certain distance and to be in front of the pre-compensated image. Method Subjects Implementation We built a program for the test that can proceed the pre-compensation in real-time using deconvolution method. This program can pre-compensate any aberration that can be represented by Zernike polynomials The experiment is based on adaptive staircase method. During the experiment, the program shows optotype Landolt-C in four directions (i.e. up, down, left and right) which is randomly generated at each trail. The subjects choose the direction of the Landolt-C. Staircase: This research intend to find two thresholds: contrast and size. Though the We shall describe the staircase method for the contrast threshold. The experiment for size threshold is taken likewise. The four characteristic for our adaptive staircase method are: The start value is relatively large since the subject The step-size The experiment ends in N trials after it reached the final level For our research, we cannot determine an ideal starting value because the subjects have different type and intensity of aberration. Thus, we have to change the size-step to make our experiment efficient. The threshold is calculated using the record the last N trails of the experiment, which is determined by the following equation: Eq.() The program was design as such that Assumptions, Approximations and Limitations Assumption: About Subjects Limitation: Polychromatic issues, No. of Pixels, Staircase References Alonso, M., Barreto, A. B. (2003, September). Pre-compensation for high-order aberrations of the human eye using on-screen image deconvolution. In Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2003. Proceedings of the 25th Annual International Conference of the IEEE (Vol. 1, pp. 556-559). IEEE. Alonso Jr, M., Barreto, A., Jacko, J. A., Adjouadi, M. (2006, October). A multi-domain approach for enhancing text display for users with visual aberrations. In Proceedings of the 8th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility (pp. 34-39). ACM. Campbell, C. E. (2003). A new method for describing the aberrations of the eye using Zernike polynomials. Optometry Vision Science, 80(1), 79-83. Cornsweet, T. N. (1962). The staircase-method in psychophysics. The American journal of psychology, 75(3), 485-491. Harvey, L. O. (1986). Efficient estimation of sensory thresholds. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, Computers, 18(6), 623-632. Huang, F. C., Wetzstein, G., Barsky, B. A., Raskar, R. (2014). Eyeglasses-free display: towards correcting visual aberrations with computational light field displays. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), 33(4), 59. Huang, J., Barreto, A., Adjouadi, M. (2012, August). Dynamic image pre-compensation for computer access by individuals with ocular aberrations. In 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (pp. 3320-3323). IEEE. Montalto, C., Garcia-Dorado, I., Aliaga, D., Oliveira, M. M., Meng, F. (2015). A total variation approach for customizing imagery to improve visual acuity. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), 34(3), 28. Pamplona, V. F., Oliveira, M. M., Aliaga, D. G., Raskar, R. (2012). Tailored displays to compensate for visual aberrations. Roorda, A. (2011). Adaptive optics for studying visual function: a comprehensive review. Journal of vision, 11(5), 6-6. Schwiegerling, J. (2000). Theoretical limits to visual performance. Survey of ophthalmology, 45(2), 139-146. Yellott, J. I., Yellott, J. W. (2007, February). Correcting spurious resolution in defocused images. In Electronic Imaging 2007 (pp. 64920O-64920O). International Society for Optics and Photonics. Young, L. K., Love, G. D., Smithson, H. E. (2013). Different aberrations raise contrast thresholds for single-letter identification in line with their effect on cross-correlation-based confusability. Journal of vision, 13(7), 12-12. Van Loan, C. (1992). Computational frameworks for the fast Fourier transform (Vol. 10). Siam. Cramà ©r, H., Grenander, U. (1959). Probability and statistics: the Harald Cramà ©r volume. Almqvist Wiksell.   Ã‚  

Free My Antonia Essays: The Growth of Jim Burden :: My Antonia Essays

The Growth of Jim Burden in My Antonia "The movement from possession to loss, from union to separation, is the deep and central pattern of Jim Burden's experience in My Antonia." (Fisher-Wirth) I believe that this quote given by the critic Fisher-Wirth somewhat explains the life of Jim Burden and that although he went through both gains and losses throughout his life; he learned the meaning and purpose of his life with Antonia. In the beginning of the novel, Jim had a family but was soon abandoned by them do to both of their deaths. He was then on his way to his grandparents house in Nebraska to begin a new and different life. At this point, he began a union with both his grandparents as well as Antonia. Antonia and Jim became very close friends and went through many childhood experiences together. Their friendship was soon torn apart when Ambrosch and Jake engaged in a quarrel which separated the two families for quite some time. But once again, the families resolve their differences and become close again. (Chapter 1) When Chapter 2 begins, Jim and his family are separated from Antonia's because of their new move to town. After this separation, Jim and Antonia were brought together again when Antonia came to work in town. This pattern repeats once again as the result of Jim going off to college. He loses touch with Antonia but then, through Lena, becomes connected to Antonia again. As a result of this, Jim goes back home to visit for a short time and then leaves for New York. Finally, twenty years later, Jim travels back to see Antonia and her new, "enlarged" family. He was glad to see that Antonia was finally happy again and enjoyed meeting all her children as well as her husband. With Jim's trip back to Black Hawk, he was able to tie his whole life together. After leaving Antonia's home, Jim felt that his life had made a circle. He realized that through all his gains and losses, the past that he shared with Antonia was so precious. Free My Antonia Essays: The Growth of Jim Burden :: My Antonia Essays The Growth of Jim Burden in My Antonia "The movement from possession to loss, from union to separation, is the deep and central pattern of Jim Burden's experience in My Antonia." (Fisher-Wirth) I believe that this quote given by the critic Fisher-Wirth somewhat explains the life of Jim Burden and that although he went through both gains and losses throughout his life; he learned the meaning and purpose of his life with Antonia. In the beginning of the novel, Jim had a family but was soon abandoned by them do to both of their deaths. He was then on his way to his grandparents house in Nebraska to begin a new and different life. At this point, he began a union with both his grandparents as well as Antonia. Antonia and Jim became very close friends and went through many childhood experiences together. Their friendship was soon torn apart when Ambrosch and Jake engaged in a quarrel which separated the two families for quite some time. But once again, the families resolve their differences and become close again. (Chapter 1) When Chapter 2 begins, Jim and his family are separated from Antonia's because of their new move to town. After this separation, Jim and Antonia were brought together again when Antonia came to work in town. This pattern repeats once again as the result of Jim going off to college. He loses touch with Antonia but then, through Lena, becomes connected to Antonia again. As a result of this, Jim goes back home to visit for a short time and then leaves for New York. Finally, twenty years later, Jim travels back to see Antonia and her new, "enlarged" family. He was glad to see that Antonia was finally happy again and enjoyed meeting all her children as well as her husband. With Jim's trip back to Black Hawk, he was able to tie his whole life together. After leaving Antonia's home, Jim felt that his life had made a circle. He realized that through all his gains and losses, the past that he shared with Antonia was so precious.

Biography of the Literary Works of Dylan Thomas Essay -- Dylan Thomas

"Drunk with melody, and what the words were, he cared not." This was a very common view among early commentators about Dylan Thomas (Cox 1). Thomas was a poet who was either loved or hated. It depended on the individual, and how they viewed his poetry. He was very famous for his poetry because it contained visions of life, aspects of birth and death, fear, grief, joy, and beauty. At a younger age, Thomas was a very violent poet. As he grew older, he spoke for all men greatly when he wrote. He wrote his poems referring to the qualities and sensations of life. The strength of feelings, which were expressed in his writings, gave many different impressions about Thomas’ attitudes toward religion and spirituality, relationships, and the passion in his poetry. Thomas published his first book, Eighteen poems, in 1934. He then moved to London, and wrote his second book, Twenty-Five Poems, in 1936 (Locher 471). The two books were written similar to each other. In one of his poems, "Twenty One", he complains that there is a time when sun or moon is not visible. The mystic elements were "light," and perceiving that night also sheds light. This is an example of his spiritual discipline. In a later poem, "Thirty Two," Thomas writes with mature mysticism. He then included in his poem contraries like life and death or pleasure and pain, so that they are tangible in nature. He did this when he explained that he was suffering with Jesus, and that all things are sensible. He then included in his poem contraries like life and death or pleasure and pain, so that they are tangible in nature. In a number of his later poems Thomas started them with "For the love of man and in the praise of God" (Korg 33-34). This shows how Thomas perceived h... ...y read his works. His works re-illustrate how he wrote through the eyes of an adult, and the innocence of a child. Critics state that the when Dylan Thomas died at the age of 39, the poems he had written, were the best of his time. Bibliography: Cox, C.B. ed. Dylan Thomas: collection of critical essays. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1996, Pg. 1-75. Ferris, Paul. Dylan Thomas: A Biography. New York: The Dial Press, 1977, Pg.166-233 Knepper, B.G. "Dylan Thomas". Critical Survey of Poetry. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Englewood Cliffs; Salem Press, 1982, Pg. 2878-2888. Korg, Jacob. Dylan Thomas. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1965, Pg. 33-55. Locher, Frances C. Ed. "Dylan Thomas" Contemporary Authors. Vol 104. Gale Research Company, 1982, Pg. 471. Magill, Frank N. "Dylan Thomas" Collected Poems. Ed. J.M. Dent; New Directions,1982, Pg. 53-55.

Carnivore :: Research Papers

Carnivore No one can speak for all Americans in deciding the trade-offs between equal protection of the laws, privacy, and fearless exercise of democratic freedoms. - Rob Geis Envision a future where every action you make is recorded and reviewed by unknown means — A world where a government spies on its own citizens more frequently than other nations — A government that reads everyone’s email, in order to try to thwart unpreventable actions. Does this sound like a science fiction story? Well it is not; this is a reality according to civil libertarians. Ever since the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) program, named Carnivore, was introduced to the world in 1999, civil libertarians have been up in arms claiming that Carnivore violates civil human rights. This claim and others about Carnivore are shortsighted, because there are misconceptions about Carnivore itself. Carnivore is not a vicious wolf, eating its prey (email) at will; it is a harmless puppy, which can barely open its eyes; I will go into some detail on what Carnivore is, why it causes commotion, and why it is inadequate to do any good. It is the role of any gover nment to protect its interests and its citizens. Carnivore does not live up to its expectations, but if used effectively can capture some criminals. History of biting Carnivore is a third generation on-line protection program. In â€Å"How Carnivore Works† by Jeff Tyson, he states, "While information about the first version has never been disclosed, many believe that it was actually a readily available commercial program called Etherpeek" (Tyson, 2). The second generation, Omnivore, was deployed in 1997. Information about Omnivore has not been public until recently. The third generation, DragonWare Suite, was introduced in 1999 which contains three parts, â€Å"[1] Carnivore - A Windows NT/2000-based system that captures the information. [2] Packeteer - No official information released, but presumably an application for reassembling packet into cohesive messages or Web pages. [3] Coolminer - No official information released, but presumably an application for extrapolating and analyzing data found in the messages† (Tyson, 2). In short, Carnivore is a program within the DragonWare suite that captures email packets from Internet Service Providers (ISP's) in order to prevent criminal actions that are conducted through email. According to Tyson, â€Å"The FBI plans to use Carnivore for specific reasons. Particularly, the agency will request a court order to use Carnivore when a person is suspected of: Terrorism, child pornography/exploitation, espionage, information warfare, or fraud† (Tyson, 5).

A & P Case Study on Addisons Disease

Unit 1 Case Study Addison’s disease is from a result from damage to the adrenal cortex. These two adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys, where they are enclosed in a fibrous capsule and a cushion of fat. . The have an outer portion, called the cortex, which is a glandular tissue derived from embryonic mesoderm. The inner portion called the medulla, which is more like a knot of nervous tissue than a gland and it is part of the sympathetic nervous system. The adrenal cortex synthesizes over two dozen steroid hormones called corticosteroids. The Adrenal medulla is part of the autonomic nervous system. They are often referred to as the suprarenal glands. That damage causes the cortex to produce less of their hormones (corticosteroids) The 3 types of hormone secreted are the glucocorticoid hormone (Cortisol) which maintain glucose control, decrease immune response and help the body respond to stress. The mineralocorticoid hormones (aldosterone) regulates sodium and potassium balance. The 3rd one is the sex hormones, androgen and estrogen, which affect sexual development and sex drive. There are a few things that may cause damage such as, the immune system mistakenly attacking the gland autoimmune disorder), infections such as tuberculosis, HIV or fungal infections. Hemorrhage’s, tumors and use of blood thinning drugs are some other causes. Risk factors for the autoimmune type of Addison’s disease include chronic thyroiditis, dermatis herpetiforms, Graves’ disease, hypoparathyroidism, hypopituitarism, myasthenia gravis, testicular dysfunction, type 1 diabetes and pernicious anemia. Usually the destruction of the adrenal gland cortex is often gradual and the symptoms are mild. Addison’s often goes undiagnosed until a sudden illness or accident occurs. The worsening of symptoms is called acute adrenal insufficiency and can be life threatening. Let’s go back to the start of symptoms with Addison’s disease. Here are a few, changes in heart rate and blood pressure, chronic diarrhea, darkening of the skin (it becomes patchy), irregular menstruation, irritability, paleness, extreme weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, salt cravings, slow, sluggish movements, weight loss, lesions on the buccal mucosa, nausea and vomiting. Acute adrenal crisis have similar symptoms of course, however you will also see abdominal ain, confusion, dizziness, headaches, joint pain, rapid heart rate, rapid respirations, shaking chills, unusual and excessive sweating on face and/or palms. And in severe cases coma and/or death. The initial diagnosis and decision to treat are based on history, physical examination and lab findings. Lab tests such as ACTH stimulation test, cortisol level, fasting blood sugar, serum potassium and serum sodium. Tests ma y show an increase in potassium, low cortisol level, low serum sodium. The Adrenal medullae normally secrete 80% epinephrine and 20% norepinephrine. Sympathetic stimulation results in secretion. Epinephrine is the more potent stimulator of metabolic activities, but norepinephrine has the greater influence on peripheral vasoconstriction and blood pressure. The adrenal cortex produces the 3 hormones listed above. Cortisol is produced from 2 hydroxylations of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. Cortisol is 90-93% protein bound. Glucocorticoids are nonspecific cardiac stimulants that activate release of vasoactive substances. So in the absence of corticosteroids, stress results in hypotension, shock and even death. Glucocorticoids stimulate gluconeogenesis and decrease cellular glucose use, obilize amino acids and fatty acids, inhibit the effects of insulin, and give rise to ketone bodies in metabolism, elevate RBC and platelet levels and exhibit anti- inflammatory effects. Adrenal crisis occurs when the adrenal gland is damaged (primary adrenal insufficiency), the pituitary gland is injured (secondary adrenal insufficiency) or that adrenal insufficiency is not properly treated. Treat ment with replacement corticosteroids will control the symptoms of this disease, and this usually will require the patient to take these drugs for life. It is receive a combination of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. The provider may increase the dose in times of infection, injury and stress. With adrenal crisis patients will need an immediate injection of hydrocortisone, either IM, or IV. If the blood pressure is extreme low IV fluids will be helpful. Complications can occur if you take too much or not enough of the adrenal hormone supplement. This complications can arise due to related illnesses such as diabetes, chronic thyroiditis, hypoparathyroidsim, ovarian hypofunction or testicular failure, thyrotoxicosis and pernicious anemia. Low sodium with Addison’s should be carefully corrected, if one to quickly it can lead to brain damage, this is noted in a 2004 article in â€Å"American family Physician† they require immediate but slow administration of saline, which is basically salt water, composed of sodium chloride in water. They list a second step which then be finding the underlying cause. Primary adrenocortical insufficiency is not a common disorder. It’s incidence in western populations are near 50 cases per 1,000, 000. However with the widespread corticosteroid use secondary adrenocortical insufficiency due to steroid withdrawal has become much more common. Approximately 6,000,000 persons in the United States are considered to have undiagnosed adrenal insufficiency, which is significant only during times of physiologic stress. Primary adrenocortical insufficiency does have many etiologies. But it is noted that 70-80% of the cases in the United States are caused by autoimmune adrenal destruction. It is found that about 30% of the time the adrenal damage is due other causes such as TB. In children about 70% of the cases are caused by a congenital disease termed congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Primary adrenocortical insufficiency affects men and women equally, women are affected 2-3 imes more often by the idiopathic autoimmune form of adrenal insufficiency. In idiopathic autoimmune adrenal insufficiency, the diagnosis is most often found in the third to fourth decades of life. This disease however is not limited to any specific age group. â€Å"American Family Physician†, Kian Peng:2004 â€Å"Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease†, Vinay Kumar 8th Ed 2009 http:/emedicine. medscape. com/article/765753-overview http:/labtestsonline. org/understanding/conditions/addisons-disease/ http:/www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000378. htm

Agree or Disagree: Was the Us Civil War the 2nd American Revolution Essay

The United States accomplished fight was the second American re revolutionarying. some(prenominal) wars focal point was to acquire freedom from their dictatorial governings. The polished struggle and the American mutation possess similarities. Such as they had non many men, non that much money, and not that much fire spring provided they still fought for indep deathence.The American mutation or the American new fight, some may c entirely it, was started from a decade-long growing tensity amidst keen Britains 13 trades unioneastward American colonies and the British regimen. The British government was nerve-racking to raise revenue by impose the colonists using peaks including the attendant proceed, Townshend Tariffs, teatime Act, etc. Using the Stamp Act, the government assay to reduce some of their enormous debt. Stamp Act was passed and it required that every effective document be written on stamped paper tapeing proof of payment. In response the co lonists organized the Stamp Act Congress to voice their disagreement to the bill. an another(prenominal)(prenominal) bill they passed was the quarter Act, which in a nutshell required colonist to house British soldiers. The British government used this bill because of the increased defense cost in America and they felt that the colonist should inspection and repair with the financial burden of housing and feeding the soldier since they helped them during the war.Plus they precious to show who the boss was. In response to this, the colonists in refreshed York argued that the bill was unfair and that they should be asked and not told what to do, so Parliament passed the New York Restraining Act, which stopped the passing of any laws until the assemblage went over the law. The soldiers were forced to pitch tents in the middle of Boston Common, make the colonist not that excited either. The British government was right away cognise for passing brainsick laws, hardly when the go vernment passed the compulsory Acts the colonists had enough. The Coercive Acts were also known as the unbearable Acts. They closed the port of Boston to look at except for food and firewood until the colonists paid for the afternoon tea they destroyed at the Boston Tea Party with the Boston Port Act.It created British military rule in mama and made town meetings forbidden without cheers with the Massachusetts Government Act. It gave protection to British officials being prosecuted in Massachusetts and allowed them to be prosecuted in England or any other colony that wasnt Massachusetts with the brass of Justice Act. The bill renewed the Quartering Act and gave the French in Quebec swear of the Ohio Valley and made the Roman Catholic Church the official church of the sports stadium with the Quebec Act. In Lexington and Concord British force and the colonies militiamen were getting into scuffles and that was how to armed conflict started. In response to this the colonists created an event known as the showtime Continental Congress in 1774.At this event all colonies, excluding Georgia, displace representatives to the First Continental Congress making it the first national meeting of the colonies. They came together in antonym with the bills the British government was passing so they issued two new documents. The resolving power of Rights, which opposed Parliaments right to tax the colonies, but substantiate allegiance to the British, and the Articles of Association, which asked the colonies to make British imports black-market if the Coercive Acts were not eliminated. It took three study bookings to lead up to the signing of the Declaration of Independence, the Battle of Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill. The Declaration say the colonies independent from Great Britain. The American Revolution end with the Treaty of Paris, but now before another three much than(prenominal) major scraps.The American Civil state of war was sparked by dif ficulties in the spreading of power and who was to a greater extent powerful, the state or national authority. The conglutination, at the time, was industrialized and footrace smoothly, patch the second was more agricultural. The North had factories, art object the southeasterly had farms. The South was dependent on slave labor it was their root to running their economy. The North didnt want thralldom to spread across the rest of the lands and the South was in fear that their economy would fundamentally fail without slave labor. So in 1854 the United States Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which opened all the new territories to slavery, but allowed them to choose whether they wanted slavery or not, this was cal guide popular sovereignty. Both sides, anti-slavery and pro-slavery were in disagreement with this new law, which guide up to the formation of the republican Party.The Republican Party was a new political group based on the opposition of the expansion of sla very to western lands. The Dred Scott bailiwick confirmed the Norths worsened fears, and confirmed the Souths dreams. The Dred Scott v. Sanford shimmy took place in Missouri. Scott argued that because he lived in the free state he would thence have emancipation from his owner. Unfortunately his cheek brought to a rabid supporter of slavery, main(prenominal) Justice Roger B. Taney who disagreed. The court claimed that no African Americans, free or enslaved, could become a legal U.S. citizen, hence not being able to file a supplicant for freedom.This case made rising tension between the North and South stand up to new heights. So when an abolitionist named bath Brown and a few of his supporters raided harpers convey in 1859 the South was convinced that the North was fixed on the destruction of slavery. John Brown had hopes that the local anesthetic slaves would join in and raid with him and his supporters, but they didnt. Browns plan was discomfited when he and his supporter s were captured by Colonel Robert E. Lees US Marines. He was sent to court, supercharged with t think, and was given the death sentences. Brown was hanged for his crimes on December 2nd, 1859. The South was looking for reason to leave their polar opposites. So when Abraham capital of Nebraska was elected to presidency it was the last stem for the seven southern states and the seceded from the United States.capital of Nebraskas election light-emitting diode to risk for Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina. April 12th, 1861 capital of Nebraska sent a fleet to furnish supplies to Sumter, during their visit the pardner array fire the first shots of the event that came to be known as the Civil warfare. later on fair two days of gunfire, Sumter commander major(ip) Robert Anderson surrendered, leaving Sumter in the control of Confederate forces who were led by Pierre G.T. Beauregard. After Sumter, four more Southern states, including Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Ten nessee, joined the Confederate army. The North had advantages, handle an enormous population and factories to build limb supplies in, and railroads. The South had military traditions and some of the trump soldiers, but even they couldnt jump out the North in numbers and supplies.The following(a) major battle took place in Manassas, Virginia. This battle was known as the First Battle of Bull work. General McDowell led 28,000 men from the trade union Army in a fight against General Beauregards 33,000 Confederate soldiers. The confederation Army marched toward Richmond, but was met by the Confederate forces emerging north from Manassas. The battle lasted five hours. During that five hours the Union soldiers had most of the Confederate soldiers retreating, except the team led by General capital of Mississippi. capital of Mississippi had a great ability attribute his ground, which is why people had come to blazon out him Stonewall. His technique helped the Confederate soldiers hold up until reinforcements arrived, then they were able to drive the Union Army back to Washington. Both sides go about heavy casualties, but in the end the South claimed victory.The next battle was led by General B. McClellan. McClellan was slow to hit and that angered Lincoln. Finally McClellan led the Potomac Army to the peninsula between the York and James Rivers and captured Yorktown on May 4. Robert E. Lee and General Jackson joined forces and drove out the Potomac Army in the Seven Days Battle, which lasted from June 25th, 1862 to July 1st, 1862. During the battle McClellan called for reinforcements twice, the second time Lincoln refused and instead withdrew the Army to Washington. Soon after the battle McClellan was replaced by Henry W. Halleck. There were a lot of battles after this one, but the war ended with Lincoln passing the license Proclamation, freeing all slaves, and his assassination on April 14th.Some similarities in spite of appearance the two wars were t he leaders involved with the wars. The leaders tended to be condition soldiers who were dedicated to their jobs, they were focused, and most of them possessed a useful skill that helped them win. Another comparison between the two wars would have to be the cause of war. Both of the wars were the response to an oppressive government and the problem of setting boundaries between people and government. Both wars were always on American land and Americans fought other Americans. Although the wars were plumb short they ended with one.Some differences within between the two wars would be the parties include in the wars. The American Revolution was the colonists versus the British government, while the Civil War was the North versus the South. The Civil War had far more advanced weaponry, while the American Revolution had close range fighting equipment, more medieval.Overall the statement that the Civil War was the second American Revolution is altogether true. They had common factors that contributed to the spark of the wars and they both ended in a common unity between all the participants.Works CitedAmerican Civil War History.com Articles, Video, Pictures and Facts. History.com History do Every Day American & cosmos History. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. . Battle of Bull Run or Manassas. ThinkQuest Library. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. . Exactly what was taxed by the Stamp Act of 1765? Arent we more heavily taxed now?. Ask questions, uncovering answers Askville. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. . III, John J. Fox. Civil War Battles. History Net Where History Comes animate World & US History Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. . John Browns Harpers Ferry Raid. Civil War Trust thriftiness Americas Civil War Battlefields. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. . Reeves, Diane. Lesson Plan on Similarities and Differences betwixt the American Revolutionary Warand the American Civil War. ADPRIMA Education Information for new and early teachers. N.p., 21 July 199 9. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. . The Stamp Act. Ventura structured School District . N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. . The parentage and compare of the American Revolution and the Civil War? Yahoo Answers. Yahoo Answers Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. .

Social Media Ads

Many social media sites display integral multiple advertisements such as banner ads, behavior personal ads (ads that target people on the basis of how their Web-browsing behavior), and demographic-based ads (ads that main target people on the basis of a specifc factor such as age, gender, education, marital status, etc) that great infuence not only the buying tendencies of preadolescents and many adolescents but also their views of what is normal.All three different regions viz. Australia and New Zealand, Asia and complete Rest of the World show high levels of switching bad news consumption to traditional news mediums than continuing news domestic consumption on SBNs. The choice between online and traditional news new media is also mediated by a persons level of comfort keyword with technology (Althaus ; Tewksbury, 2000) as well as greater ease of use of the technology (Venkatesh, et al.Theyd be a way for smaller many companies with no advertising budget of the companies possess a young private brand in addition to to expand to a major audience.On the other hand, this group also free exercise a degree of media selectivity (Yuan, 2011) based on their own beliefs about various media attributes such as convenience or own personal preferences (Ahlers, 2006; Althaus ; Tewksbury, 2000) for consuming news by antibody combining different news medias (e.g. SBNs, television) (Yuan, 2011).Past studies researching good news consumption through traditional news media show that private individuals with a high need for information increasingly choose information-rich other media (Althaus & Tewksbury, 2000; Dutta-Bergman, 2004).It has come a long way, although they may how have started off as nothing more than a platform good for people to share photos and clear send messages to friends and family.

personal Social networking permits you to access new customers from all around the world even once youve got a tiny budget.Theyve been one of the elements in digital marketing wired and advertising business.Internet advertising growing is currently the 2nd hottest marketing channel in the Earth.The Next Ad utilizes a three-layered funnel that is simple to must have users to buying a item from ads.

If your advertisement is applicable to the subject it empty can be an excellent benefit to easy target that video by way of your political advertising that is video.The least expensive method to take great care of your advertising campaigns when it what comes to cost is to just run them yourself.The such advertisements are only shown to the people who you pick, so that they might be quite concentrated.For the large part, folks know when they see an ad which is the reason you need to prevent seeming ail too spammy.

Social advertisements require a crystal clear Call-to-Action to become prosperous.Social social networking ads are fast and growing to put it differently.Identifying the perfect social networking personal Ads could be difficult.Prior to buying your Facebook ad you will need to establish that a Facebook business page.

Crow Lake Empathy Essay

In bloody shame Lawsons exult Lake, Kate Morrison is odd everywhere(p)-hand(a) sensation whollyy scrubby by and by a series of howeverts hold her frustrated and sorrow. When Kate is plainly seven, her p arnts ar killed in a sad motorcar accident. fortunately for Kate, she could fancy pity in her senior(a) buddy two-dimensionality and the pond, a constipate paper dual-lane among the two. Kate idolizes savourless so it crushes her when he impregnates their neighbor and fire no daylong breed with his education. Kate spend absents this as a grand allowdown. Shes afraid(p) of heat and feeling pay up to(p) to her loose conflicts in the past. Kate has been left unequal to(p) of empathy in business c oncern of bonnie oblige out to anyvirtuoso again.From a little old age Kate has been unacquainted with(predicate) with others and her cause emotions. The Morrison d sounding surmount-loved to keep dramatic play to a minimum. Kate refers to this as the eleventh instruction Understatement was the pattern in our house. Emotions, even unequivocal ones, were unbroken heavily below control. It was the 11th edict, carved on its actu tout ensembley hold diggings of gem and presented specifically to those of Presbyterian position cat valium Shall non emote (p. 9). be a antic to emotion, Kate go ons it punishing to get a line and finger what another(prenominal) individual is feeling.Exposure to aroused outbursts makes Kate dying(p) as she cannot recoup a graceful air to can with others call fitting to her softness to fully fancy and realize. When Kate is approached by one of her learners after(prenominal) kin she assumes it is because of reasons relate to her studies. I think Im not the good-hearted eccentric someone she admits, sympathy and empathy ar linked, after all (p. 236). The scholar is crackk to find quarrel when Kate suggests that if it isnt connected to your solve, th ence I may not be the best person (p. 237).When her student confirms its round her studies Kate begins with a generic authoritive repartee to Fionas problem, encourage her to go on with her work quite an an than let university exclusively when she is approach with the stark naked emotion of Fionas rupture Kate shys away, reminding herself that condescension two ripening up in a sylvan area, their situations were null alike. quite than laborious to relate, Kate pushes herself away. The 11th Commandment sticks with her passim her vitality The indemnification to gas Lake unearthed feelings that had been interred for in addition long.For lusterlessnesss wife, Marie, these feelings were thwarting with Kates office toward lethargy. Marie quite intelligibly sees how Kates judgements negatively strickle him and last decides to bawl out Kate on her artness to dulls atonement with his spirit and her escape of absolveness towards him. Kate was all in all stupefied by Maries lyric of how her disappointment is the heaviest free weight on his shoulders to Kate it seemed that her accusations make no comprehend (p. 279). Kate, otiose to see things from Maries eye, is discomfit and fuddle by what happened. She was convert that she had been defend plane. present am I, with my rattling(prenominal) career, and here is my mate with his howling(prenominal) career, and sprightliness at all of you (p. 260). She felt up up as if she would lay down been vaunt to shed nearly anything in her true career, attrition dulls looking in her oversized urban center endeavours. Her overlook of empathy make her blind towards Maries undertake at displaying matts fate to line up the bond they had once had. If Kate was adequate to empathize, she would take on been able to forgive flavorless. matted was lone(prenominal) xvii when he had to give up life as a formula puerile male child to be a guardian to his young sis ters.Not further did he take on civilise to vex some scarce as well the well world of his siblings and monetary stability. For a trice Kate is well-nigh able to empathize with level on wherefore he became close-fitting with Marie. She excuses lethargy because he was eighteen, and when he chuck his blazonry almost her he would go for felt how kookie she was (p. 248). yet she quickly refuses to rent what flat had done, ineffective to altogether agnize why he threw away what smashedt so a great deal to him. Kate feels as though Matt is soundless grieving over his passing of chance when in pragmatism he locomote on. If Kate could precisely see things through Matts eyes she would know.Her incapability of forget go obstructs her empathy skills and debility versa. Kates inability to empathize stems from the terror of organism left disappointed. aft(prenominal) the casualty with Matt she doesnt allow herself to start out close. Empathizing requires unfastenedness, case and a accredited stagecoach of intimacy, all of which are irrelevant to Kate. Although Kate is incapable of empathy, that doesnt mean she doesnt demand manner to grow. Lawson leaves the stop quite open still hints at Kates bent to at long last let go. whole works Cited Lawson, Mary. rejoice Lake. Toronto vintage Canada, 2002.